This is exactly why I respect NBA refs more than most fans do. They're sprinting backwards while tracking world-class athletes moving at full speed, making split-second decisions on travels that even we miss in slow motion replays.
The key insight here: refs won't call a travel unless they're absolutely certain. If there's any doubt about foot placement or timing, they let it go. And honestly, that's how it should be.
Otherwise we'd have whistles every other possession and the game would be unwatchable. The human element and that certainty threshold is what keeps the flow intact.